In the heart of Fez’s ancient medina stands a jewel of Islamic history and Moroccan heritage: Al-Qarawiyyin University. Founded in 859 AD by a visionary woman, Fatima al-Fihri, it is recognized by UNESCO and the Guinness World Records as the oldest existing, continually operating educational institution in the world.
A Legacy Born from Vision
Fatima al-Fihri, the daughter of a wealthy merchant, dreamed of creating a center of learning for her community. Using her inheritance, she built a mosque that quickly became a place of knowledge, attracting scholars from across North Africa, Andalusia, and the Middle East. Over time, the mosque expanded into a full-fledged university.
Center of Knowledge and Scholarship
For centuries, Al-Qarawiyyin was a beacon of learning. It offered studies in:
Islamic law (fiqh)
Grammar and linguistics
Astronomy and mathematics
Medicine and natural sciences
Philosophy
The university’s reputation spread far beyond Morocco, drawing famous scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Ibn al-Arabi, and Maimonides. It even influenced European thought during the Middle Ages, bridging the gap between Islamic and Western knowledge.
A Unique Campus in the Medina
Unlike modern universities, Al-Qarawiyyin does not have a separate campus. Instead, it is part of the medina’s fabric, surrounded by narrow streets, souks, and traditional houses. Its mosque is known for stunning zellij tilework, carved wood, and Andalusian-style arches, showcasing Moroccan craftsmanship at its finest.
Modern Role
Today, Al-Qarawiyyin continues to function as both a mosque and a university. While its traditional religious curriculum remains central, it also integrates modern subjects, maintaining its status as a bridge between history and the present.
Why Visit Al-Qarawiyyin
Visiting Fez would not be complete without experiencing the legacy of Al-Qarawiyyin. Although non-Muslims cannot enter the mosque itself, they can admire its architecture from the doors and nearby rooftops. The very presence of this university reminds the world of Morocco’s contribution to global knowledge and the role of women—through Fatima al-Fihri—in shaping history.